Are lakes separated into zones?

Lakes and ponds are divided into three different “zones” which are usually determined by depth and distance from the shoreline.



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The shallow down-sloping shelf of a lake or pond is commonly referred to as the lake's “littoral zone”. The zone is an area where the water meets the land. Plants here support wildlife such as wading birds, turtles and crabs. Littoral Zones are crucial components of healthy ecosystems, hence are protected by law.

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Limnology divides lakes into three zones: the littoral zone, a sloped area close to land; the photic or open-water zone, where sunlight is abundant; and the deep-water profundal or benthic zone, where little sunlight can reach.

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The profundal zone is a deep zone of an inland body of freestanding water, such as a lake or pond, located below the range of effective light penetration.

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The ocean is generally divided into three zones which are named based on the amount of sunlight they receive: the euphotic, dysphotic, and aphotic zones.
  • Euphotic Zone (Sunlight Zone or Epipelagic Zone) ...
  • Dysphotic Zone (Twilight Zone or Mesopelagic Zone) ...
  • Aphotic Zone (Bathypelagic, Abyssopelagic, and Hadopelagic Zones)


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Exorheic, or open lakes drain into a river, or other body of water that ultimately drains into the ocean. Endorheic basins fall into the category of endorheic or closed lakes, wherein waters do not drain into the ocean, but are reduced by evaporation, and/or drain into the ground.

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