Locomotive engineers drive freight or passenger trains between stations. They drive long-distance trains and commuter trains, but not subway trains.
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From the 1730s engineer in North American English was being used as a synonym for engineman, she says, applied specifically to the driver or operator of a fire engine, then later to drivers of steamships and steam-powered locomotives.
The conductor is thus responsible for the safety of the passengers and some maintenance things in the cars. But this only applies to trains with a separate engine. On other trains the engineer is responsible for the safety of passengers, the cars and has authority over the conductor.
Neither the conductor nor the engineer is allowed to sleep on the train. They must be awake and alert throughout their entire shift. So, where do they sleep? After their shift, conductors and engineers sleep either at home or in a motel at an away terminal.
In north America, freight locomotives have a toilet in the nose of the cab. This is a rather clean example of such. Why do Japanese train engineers point? Why do modern trains still need engineers?