Although we often see steel rails rusting during daily travel, the rust is generally only on surface, and there is little internal rust. The internal rust process is very slow. In addition, the railway staff will maintain the rails every day, take measures such as oiling to prevent rust and regular inspections.

Yes, train tracks are almost always rusty on the sides and the base, but the top surface—the "running rail"—should be shiny and polished if the line is in active use. Modern railway tracks are made of high-carbon steel, which begins to oxidize (rust) the moment it is exposed to moisture and air. This thin layer of rust on the vertical "web" and the bottom "foot" of the rail actually acts as a protective barrier, slowing further deep corrosion. However, every time a train passes over, the immense pressure and friction between the steel wheels and the rail head physically grind away any oxidation, leaving a bright, silver-colored finish. If you see a track where the top is entirely covered in orange-brown rust, it is a definitive sign that no trains have used that section for several days or weeks. In 2026, track inspectors use automated "ultrasonic" testing to ensure that while the exterior looks rusty, the internal "metallurgical" integrity of the steel remains strong enough to handle high-speed transit.