Are trains good or bad for the environment?

Moving freight by rail instead of truck lowers GHG emissions by up to 75%, on average. AAR analysis of federal data finds that if 25% of the truck traffic moving at least 750 miles went by rail instead, annual GHG emissions would fall by approximately 13.6 million tons.



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The transportation sector emits the highest amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of all the U.S. sectors, with the rail sector contributing 2% of those emissions. Rail plays an important role in reducing the transportation sector's emissions due to the efficiency of passenger and freight rail transportation.

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If you can't walk or cycle, then public transport is usually your best option. Trains are particularly low-carbon ways to travel. Taking a train instead of a car for medium-length distances would cut your emissions by around 80%. Using a train instead of a domestic flight would reduce your emissions by around 86%.

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If we take an overall view of the transport sector, 71% of transportation related carbon emissions come from road users, whereas only 1.8% of emissions stem from rail travel. So in absolute terms, trains are responsible for a lot less emissions than cars.

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Travelling by train is the most ecologically friendly option, aside from waking or biking, as they emit 55-75% less carbon emissions. Tourist accommodations account for 1% of global emissions and 20% of emissions from the tourism industry.

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In fact, unless you're looking to venture from Los Altos to LA off-road through state parks the whole way—in a Hummer with Tonka-truck mud tires—driving is generally greener than flying.

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These massive, track-mounted vehicles, which use a diesel generator to power electric motors and move rail cars carrying cargo or passengers, are major polluters, responsible for a growing share of the emissions that increase cancer risk, shorten lives and worsen smog across California.

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According to the 2021 U.S. Department of Energy Data Book, Amtrak is 46% more energy efficient than traveling by car and 34% more energy efficient than domestic air travel.

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Besides walking and biking, traveling by train remains one of the greenest and most environment-friendly options when getting around. Regardless if electric or diesel-powered, trains emit between 66 and 75 percent fewer carbon emissions when compared to cars and airplanes.

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Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are directly related to fuel consumption. According to EPA data, freight railroads account for just 0.5% of total U.S. GHG emissions and just 1.7% of transportation-related GHG emissions. Moving freight by rail instead of truck lowers GHG emissions by up to 75%, on average.

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However, as an energy researcher, my decision was motivated by the fact that trains, whether for cargo or passengers, pollute much less than airplanes, sometimes by as much as 73%, and they are more easily electrified than planes.

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We find that car and motorcycle use for shopping and leisure activities fell more sharply along lines with a larger increase in regional passenger trains. These results indicate that expansions of local passenger railways reduce air pollution due to substitution from cars and motorcycles to trains.

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Air travel is convenient and can transport large numbers of passengers, but it has a high environmental impact due to carbon emissions and fuel needs. Gas-consuming vehicles provide convenience and flexibility but have high carbon emissions and contribute to traffic.

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Buses come in at 299 grams per mile, second-worst only to cars at 371 grams. Building out passenger rail capacity would probably be a carbon-intensive process for the years of construction, but would then allow for generations of low emission travel.

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Walk, bike or take the train for the lowest footprint Over short to medium distances, walking or cycling are nearly always the lowest carbon way to travel.

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Trains offer greater flexibility at each stage of the journey, making family train travel easier and less stressful than flying. Children can move around more freely than on a plane, and you'll have the space to pack home comforts.

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