Both a floatplane and a seaplane can take off from, and land on, virtually any body of water (oceans, lakes, rivers, etc.)
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The use of seaplanes gradually tapered off after World War II, partially because of the investments in airports during the war but mainly because landplanes were less constrained by weather conditions that could result in sea states being too high to operate seaplanes while landplanes could continue to operate.
The Maldives' 26 ring-shaped coral atolls are home to over 1,000 islands, many of which are uninhabited. So it's little wonder that the Maldives is home to the largest seaplane fleet in the world.
A seaplane can land in rough water, but a pilot will have to minimize the stress on the aircraft. This can be done by reducing the landing speed to its lowest safe and distributing the stress evenly by landing on both floats at the same time. Overall, the landing is similar in approach to a normal landing.