For domestic travel within many countries, including the United States, children under the age of 18 are generally not required to show a passport or even a government-issued photo ID. Airlines typically accept a birth certificate or simply rely on the accompanying adult's identification to verify the child's identity. However, for international travel, a valid passport is universally mandatory for all minors, regardless of age—even for newborn infants. In 2026, some regions have additional requirements; for example, if a minor is traveling with only one parent or a non-guardian adult, they may need a notarized Letter of Consent to prevent international parental child abduction. While a passport isn't needed for a quick flight from New York to Orlando, if you are crossing any international border, your child must have their own individual passport book to clear customs and immigration.
Whether a minor can fly without a passport depends on the destination and the airline’s policies. Here’s a breakdown:
Domestic Flights (Within the Same Country)
- No passport is usually required for minors (or adults) if flying within the same country.
- Acceptable ID (if required, varies by country):
- Birth certificate (for infants/young children)
- School ID (for older minors)
- Government-issued ID (if available, e.g., state ID in the U.S.)
- Some airlines may require a consent letter if traveling alone or with only one parent.
International Flights (Between Countries)
- A passport is almost always mandatory, even for infants.
- Some countries may allow alternative documents (e.g., a birth certificate + parental consent for land/sea crossings), but air travel typically requires a passport.
- Visa requirements may also apply depending on the destination.
- Exceptions:
- U.S. & Canada/Mexico/Caribbean: Under-16s can sometimes use a birth certificate (land/sea only, not air).
- EU minors traveling within Schengen Zone: May use an ID card instead of a passport.
Special Cases
- Unaccompanied Minors: Airlines may require additional documentation (consent forms, contact info).
- Divorced/Separated Parents: Some countries require a notarized travel consent letter from the non-traveling parent(s).
Best Practice
- Check with the airline and destination country’s embassy before travel.
- Always carry a passport for international flights to avoid issues.
Would you like details for a specific country or airline?