There's no evidence of any earthquake damaging the pyramids, which are about as solid a piece of architecture as you can have.
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Some big stones layers were put over these small stones. The number of layers in most of the times was three and no mortar was used, the large foundation stones are called “Orthostat” stones. The pyramid shaped building is suitable in earthquake prone area due to its higher stiffness and less displacement.
Many people have said that the pyramids would last 1 million years or even until the world ended, but I'd say around 10,000 to 100,000 years based on current observations.
While the pyramid was originally built by 4,000 workers over the course of 20 years using strength, sleds and ropes, building the pyramid today using stone-carrying vehicles, cranes and helicopters would probably take 1,500 to 2,000 workers around five years, and it would cost on the order of $5 billion, Houdin said, ...
The materials in the construction, specifically the mortar, have been examined and although the composition of the mortar has been determined, our modern technology can't recreate it. The mortar was made of processed gypsum, and it wasn't used the same as the cement we use to make modern-day bricks.
In the 12th century, Kurdish ruler al-Malek al-Aziz Othman ben Yusuf attempted to destroy one of the pyramids, but only successfully damaged the smallest, leaving a vertical gash on the north face.
Professor Michel Barsoum and colleagues have found scientific evidence that parts of the Great Pyramids of Giza were built using an early form of concrete, debunking an age old myth that they were built using only cut limestone blocks.
A little over 3,800 years ago, humankind began to build the tallest structure ever known to the world until then—the Great Pyramid of Giza. Humans managed this feat without any modern technology or tools, using only ramps, ropes, levers and sheer muscle power.
Although it's believed that these structures hold some ancient secrets of the ancient Egyptian pharaohs, scientists have not been able to discover much. There are still questions left unanswered, and we are still waiting to know more. Also, there are interesting facts about these ancient marvels that you need to know.
It was the Egyptians who built the pyramids. The Great Pyramid is dated with all the evidence, I'm telling you now to 4,600 years, the reign of Khufu. The Great Pyramid of Khufu is one of 104 pyramids in Egypt with superstructure. And there are 54 pyramids with substructure.
But what the Egyptians lacked in tools, they made up for with science and engineering precision. Smith explains that they developed and used the cubit rod to measure and lay out the dimensions of the pyramid; a square level to level horizontal surfaces, and a 3:4:5 framing square to create precision 90-degree angles.
Considering the pyramids were built more than four thousand years ago, the exact technique of construction remains a mystery and modern-day equipment was not available at the time. It is believed that ancient Egyptians ferried the huge stone blocks on the Nile river.
The materials would also be very costly. I did an answer on the cost of building a pyramid in modern times, and it ran into the billions. Just the materials and labor of restoring the facing would cost a few tens of millions.
In addition, they used stone like granite: a material so hard that it wouldn't act like a sponge – the water didn't penetrate it. So, the stone would shed the water and the building would last longer.
Using advanced scanning technologies, scientists in Egypt have discovered a hidden tunnel that runs underneath the Great Pyramid of Giza, the largest stone structure of its kind and the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.