Yes, you can bring medicine to Japan in 2026, but the rules are among the strictest in the world and require careful preparation. You are generally allowed to bring up to a one-month supply of permitted prescription medicine and a two-month supply of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs without prior paperwork, provided you carry a copy of your prescription or a doctor's letter. However, certain common Western medications—specifically those containing stimulants like pseudoephedrine (found in Sudafed or Vicks inhalers) or certain ADHD medications like Adderall—are strictly prohibited and can lead to arrest. If you need to bring more than a 30-day supply, or if you require syringes/EpiPens, you must apply for an import certificate called a "Yunyu Kakunin-sho" at least two weeks before your arrival. Narcotics like codeine or strong painkillers require a special "Narcotics Import Certificate" from the Regional Bureau of Health and Welfare. Always keep medications in their original pharmacy packaging to avoid confusion during Customs inspections at the airport.