To stay longer than 90 days, you must have a visa. Apply for a visa through the embassy of the country where you will spend most of your time.
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The Schengen law states that you can't stay in the Schengen Area for more than 90 days. If you do, you're subject to a fine and possibly deportation and being banned from re-entering the Schengen Area. How that rule is enforced, though, varies greatly from one country to another.
Spain currently does not have any plans of changing the 90-day rule. Technically, this rule is not under Spanish jurisdiction, as it is a rule that applies to the whole Schengen Area. So even if Spain wanted to change this rule, the change can only be initiated by authorities of the European Union.
You can stay up to 90 days within a 180-day period, which people consider a “six-month” period, but your visa is still valid for only 90 days. However, if you plan to stay in Europe for 6 months or longer, you would generally need to obtain a long-stay visa or a residence permit from a specific Schengen country.
The 90/180 rule applies to all of the European countries which have signed the Schengen agreement, so it doesn't matter if you spent your days spread out between countries; as long as those are Schengen member states, the time you spent in those countries is counted towards your 90 days. They go over the 180-day limit.
Prison sentences – Staying in Spain for over 90 days in any 180 days without a valid visa can result in jail time. Depending on how long you overstay your welcome, you could be sentenced to 6-12 months in prison.
For the avoidance of any confusion, most EU nations are members of the Schengen area, which comprises 26 countries, but not all of the countries in Europe are members of the EU. That is why only European citizens from the 26 Schengen nations can enter Spain without a visa and stay for 90 days.
The possible consequences for staying more than 90/180 days include: ? Fines – depending on the country and how long you've overstayed, you could be made to pay a fine of anything from 500€ to 10,000€. This penalty may be combined with an entry ban.
If you overstay 90 days in the EU, you risk deportation. Countries can legally imprison you, deport you, or give you a limited number of days to leave.
How long can you stay in Spain without becoming a resident? The short-stay visa only allows you to reside in Spain for up to 90 days at a time out of every 180 days, or a maximum of around 180 days a year. This is fine if your trips will be no longer than three months at a time, no more than twice a year.