The nationwide Japan Rail Pass (JR Pass) cannot be used on city subway or metro systems, such as the Tokyo Metro, Toei Subway, or the Osaka Metro. The JR Pass is strictly valid for services operated by Japan Railways (JR) Group. In cities like Tokyo, there is often confusion because the JR Yamanote Line (a circular surface train) looks and functions like a subway, and it is covered by the JR Pass. However, as soon as you transition to a line labeled as "Subway" or "Metro," the pass will not work at the gates. To navigate these systems, travelers usually purchase a separate IC card like Suica or Pasmo, or buy individual tickets. Some regional passes, such as the "Hokuriku Arch Pass" or specific "JR East" passes, may occasionally include a specific non-JR line as part of a partnership, but this is the exception rather than the rule. If you are staying within a major city for several days and not traveling between cities, the JR Pass is generally not the most cost-effective tool. For the metro, you should look for city-specific "Day Passes" or simply use a prepaid card for maximum convenience.