The pilots can eat in the cockpit, but they tend to not eat at the same time, so that one is always at the controls.
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Consequences of Flying DrunkIf a pilot is discovered to have a BAC of 0.04 or more, the FAA can have the pilot's license suspended for a year or place criminal charges, even if they haven't taken off in an aircraft.
The pilot (or captain as they're called) is able to use the bathroom without any issues. Some airlines even opt to have a special bathroom for the crew installed. For airline pilots it's easy, just leave the cockpit according to protocol, respond to the call of nature and make your way back.
Do pilots pay for their own hotels? The airline handles and pays for accommodations for crewmembers when they are on a trip. Many pilots do not live where they are based and choose to commute.
Pilots can and sometimes do smoke in the cockpits of business jets. These can be as large as airliners (see BBJ), but usually aren't. Even when a country and/or airline ban smoking in the flight deck, some pilots will ignore the ban and still light up. This was quite common with Asian carriers in the past.
Pilots don't necessarily eat the food passengers get. Depending on the airline, they can choose options from first/business class, but sometimes they bring food from home and some airlines have entirely different menus for the crew that the passengers never get.
The cockpit door automatically locks, but a keypad outside allows a flight attendant to insert a security code to gain access. A buzzer sounds, and the pilots must switch the door control inside the cockpit to “unlock” to release the door after verifying the crew member through a peephole or video surveillance.
These policies, known as the “two-person rule” or “rule of two,” dictate that if one pilot leaves the cockpit for any reason, another trained crew member (such as a flight attendant) must enter and remain in the cockpit until the pilot returns.
It is understood that some airlines already adopt such a procedure, whereby if a pilot wishes to take a break, they must first call a crew member into the cockpit and once they have entered, only then can the pilot exit the cockpit - Something which more, if not all airlines could adopt.
The simple answer is yes, pilots do, and are allowed to sleep during flight but there are strict rules controlling this practice. Pilots would only normally sleep on long haul flights, although sleep on short haul flights is permitted to avoid the effects of fatigue.
That's the same limit as for other critical jobs, such as air traffic controllers, ambulance drivers, and some ship captains. But pilots aren't required to take a breathalyzer test before boarding their assigned plane each time. Instead, pilots are tested randomly or if there is reasonable suspicion.