Today, the concept of transferring fuel between aircraft in midflight is defined as air-refueling – better known as “A/R.” The practice of air refueling is now much more refined, practiced and perfected into everyday practice that enables Global Mobility and Global Reach for the Joint Force.

In 2026, aerial refueling remains a high-value capability primarily reserved for military operations, allowing aircraft to stay airborne for extended periods without landing. This process involves a tanker aircraft (like the KC-46 Pegasus) and a receiver aircraft connecting via a "Flying Boom" or a "Probe-and-Drogue" system. While technically possible for commercial jets, it is not used for passenger flights due to the high-intensity risk, complexity, and specialized training required for both pilots. For military missions, however, it is a peer-recommended essential for "Global Reach," enabling bombers and fighters to cross oceans and remain on station for hours. The maneuver requires extreme precision, as both planes must fly at the same speed and altitude in tight formation, often just feet apart.