For domestic flights, you can almost always check-in online without passport details, as a government-issued photo ID (like a driver's license) is sufficient. However, for international flights, you generally cannot complete online check-in without providing passport information. Airlines are required by international law to collect "Advance Passenger Information" (APIS), which includes your passport number, expiration date, and country of issue, before you board. If you do not have your passport on hand while trying to check-in on the app, the system will usually "pause" your check-in and require you to see an agent at the airport. In 2026, many airlines use "document scanning" features within their apps to verify passports via NFC chips or OCR technology. Even if you manage to check-in online, if your destination requires a visa or has specific entry requirements, the airline will still need to physically verify your passport at the gate or the "Document Verification" counter before you are allowed to board the aircraft.