Can Boeing 737 dump fuel? No, it has no equipment to dump fuel. Simplified reason: Fuel dump equipment is only required when the Maximum Takeoff Weight and Maximum Landing Weight differ by more than 105%.
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In most cases, airlines only dump air in midair immediately before landing. They don't do it before or during takeoff, nor do they do it halfway through their flight. Rather, airlines may dump some of their airplane's excess fuel immediately before landing so that it lowers the weight of their aircraft.
For some aircraft types, the maximum allowable landing weight is substantially less than the aircraft's take-off weight. The Boeing 747, 777, and Airbus A380s are examples, and these three aircraft types do have fuel dumping capabilities.
Not all planes are capable of dumping fuel. Boeing's 747 and 777 both have the ability to jettison kerosine, as has the Airbus A380 and an A330. However, regional jets such as a Boeing 737 and Airbus A320 can not.
Since most twin jet airliners can meet these requirements, most aircraft of this type such as the Boeing 737 (all models), the DC-9/MD80/Boeing 717, the A320 family and various regional jet (RJ) aircraft do not have fuel dump systems installed.
Most have outlets installed on the wings, or wingtips, which dumps the fuel away from the engines and fuselage.Others dump the fuel at the very rear of the aircraft. Some fighter planes have their fuel dump nozzle right near the engine exhausts, which can actually ignite the dumped fuel.
CBS News reported that, based on the expert opinion of a former Boeing 777 captain, Flight 89 would have likely dumped 15,000–20,000 US gallons (12,000–17,000 imp gal; 57,000–76,000 L) of fuel. Shortly after completing the fuel dump, the aircraft landed safely.
Can a 737 land with full fuel? Essentially all airplanes can land with full tanks. For civilian aircraft it's a requirement. But if you land at above the maximum landing weight, you run an increased risk of bending something, and may require a heavy landing inspection before you can fly again.