There have been some incredible instances of people falling out of airplanes without parachutes and surviving. Take the story of Alan Magee, an American airman who survived a 22,000-foot fall from a damaged B-17 bomber over France in 1943.
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Of course, there is an upper limit, set by how far up we can actually travel before we die from the effects of atmospheric change – which come into play at around 60,000 feet. So, how high is too high? In theory, we could survive falls of up to 60, 70, or even 80,000 feet, under exceptionally fortunate circumstances.
And so initially, when we hit the ground with our foot, this spring compresses and so the force increases quite a bit, and we have the first force hump. And then we have a rebound. So the spring relaxes again, our whole body moves up and we fall back into the spring.
The upper survival limits of human tolerance to impact velocity in water are evidently close to 100 ft/sec (68.2 mph) corrected velocity, or the equivalent of a 186-foot free-fall.
Pilots usually try to land parallel to the waves, so the aircraft isn't pushed around and endangered. In the scenario that there are waves directly moving towards the aircraft, it's like running into a wall that's moving towards you. And the most worst case scenario comes to the aircraft breaking apart.