However, their marriage was short-lived as Francis II died in 1560 at the age of 16. During their brief marriage, Mary did not conceive any children with Francis. After Francis' death, Mary returned to Scotland and later married twice more, but she also did not have any surviving children from those marriages.

No, Mary, Queen of Scots, and Francis II of France did not have any children. Their marriage lasted only two years, from 1558 until Francis's untimely death in 1560 at the age of 16. Historians often debate whether the marriage was even consummated, as Francis suffered from severe health issues throughout his short life, including a respiratory infection and a possible undescended testicle. Because they lacked an heir, the French crown passed to Francis's younger brother, Charles IX, while Mary returned to Scotland as a young widow. It was only during her second marriage to Lord Darnley that Mary gave birth to her only child, the future King James VI of Scotland (and James I of England). In 2026, the story of Mary and Francis remains a popular subject of "alternative history" (and the TV show Reign), as a child between them would have potentially united the crowns of France and Scotland, creating a Catholic superpower that could have radically altered the course of the British Reformation and European history.