Did the Romans take obelisks from Egypt?

There are more obelisks in Rome than anywhere else in the world, 13 in total. These include eight obelisks built for Egyptian Pharaohs and kings, including Ramses II, Hophra and Seti I, which were taken to Rome by various Emperors, the first being Augustus.



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Some are stunningly old, for example, the Lateran Obelisk was made for Egyptian pharaohs 1500 years BC (3500+ years ago!), then stolen, winding up in Rome 1700 years later. The same obelisk is the tallest in the world, too, at 32 meters, 105 feet.

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During the Napoleonic invasion of Egypt, the French attempted to steal the two obelisks and take them back to Paris. The campaign ended before they were successful, but the French did not give up then. A mere 30 years later, the obelisks were “gifted” to the French by the Ottoman monarch Muhammed Ali Pasha.

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The Romans had such an appetite for obelisks that they not only took them from Egypt, but also carved new ones. They used Egyptian granite, including the especially popular pinkish stone from the quarries at Aswan in the far south.

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In the 1st century B.C., Ancient Rome discovers the charm of the Egyptian culture, as a result of the conquest of Egypt by Julius Caesar and Augustus. Since then, traces of Egyptian civilization appear more and more in the city. We might think of obelisks, but they are not the only Egyptian traces in town.

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In 1830 the Sultan and Viceroy of Egypt Mehemet Ali decided to offer the two obelisks standing in front of the Luxor Temple (Thebes, Egypt) to King Charles X of France. It was a gesture of friendship and gratitude for the deciphering of Egyptian hieroglyphs by Champollion.

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The Egyptian obelisk which is now located at St. Peter's Square is often called Vatican Obelisk. It is not known which Pharaoh has constructed it, but it is assumed that it was erected at Heliopolis around 2500 BC. Around 30 BC the obelisk was moved to Alexandria by Emperor Augustus and erected at the Julian Forum.

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The obelisk came to its current location by order of Pope Sixtus V, which wanted each main church in Rome to get an obelisk, so that they could form stops along a pilgrimage path across the city. ON its top, there is the family crest of Sixtus V, three hills with stars surmounted by a cross.

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Pope Gregory was driven by a passion for learning. He ordered that all Egyptian and “Egyptianized” artifacts in the Pontifical states (and Roman antique markets, private villa collections etc.) be gathered together in a new museum.

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The Sultan of Egypt and Sudan presented the obelisk to the British Government in 1819, in commemoration of Lord Nelson's victory at the Battle of the Nile in 1798 and Sir Ralph Abercromby's victory at the Battle of Alexandria in 1801.

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The earliest surviving obelisk dates from the reign of Sesostris I (1918–1875 bce) and stands at Heliopolis, a suburb of Cairo, where once stood a temple to Re.

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