Among the substances that an airport dog is trained to detect are many of the common chemicals used to build bombs. In fact, it's more common that the dogs you pass in the airport are smelling for bombs and explosives rather than drugs.
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Dogs can find all sorts of narcotics, like marijuana, opium, cocaine, and heroin. These drug dogs always work in conjunction with a handler. They walk through security checkpoints sniffing the air around passengers and their luggage.
When drugs are confiscated in airports, TSA officers usually refer to law enforcement to secure the confiscated substances and store them in a warehouse known as a crime laboratory. Here, the drugs will be tested, organized, and shelved for trials.
You can pack your medicines in your checked luggage, but this means they won't be available if you need them during your flight. For this reason, it's recommended you pack medication in your carry-on bag.
Full-body scanners identify both metallic and non-metallic items. However, these scanners cannot detect drugs inside the body. This is what makes these types of scanners different from medical X-rays.
The airport scanners have no problems finding the pills that you are travelling with, liquid form or not. In case of travelling with pills in liquid form, in your carry-on baggage, they must not exceed 3.4 ounces/100ml.
Trace detection equipment is used to detect drugs and other narcotics in passenger luggage at airports. These machines work by releasing gas into containers such as suitcases and detecting the presence of substances that match those on the scanner's library.