Do all aircraft need a 91.413 test?

All transponder-equipped aircraft, both VFR and IFR, must have their transponder tested and certified every two years (see FAR 91.413). Aircraft operating under IFR must also have their altimeter(s), encoder and static system tested and certified every two years (see FAR 91.411).



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Mode C Transponder Requirements: These aircraft may conduct operations without a transponder or ADS-B Out when operating: Outside any Class B or Class C airspace area; and. Below the altitude of the ceiling of a Class B or Class C airspace area designated for an airport, or 10,000 feet MSL, whichever is lower.

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You must now complete a 100-hour inspection under 14 CFR 91.409. You can overfly this 100-hour limit by up to 10 hours, but only to reposition the aircraft for its required 100-hour inspection. An annual inspection can be completed instead of a 100-hour inspection.

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Two-way radio communications and operational transponder are normally required for operations within Class C airspace, but operations without radio communications or transponder can be conducted by LOA, facility directive, or special arrangement with Class C airspace controlling facility.

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I don't have ADS-B Out, can I fly in ADS-B rule airspace? Operators of aircraft not equipped with ADS-B Out, or with inoperative ADS-B Out, who wish to operate in ADS-B rule airspace must obtain an ATC authorization before flying.

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Transponder
  • Transponder A: sends back a transponder code to ATC.
  • Transponder C: sends a transponder code plus altitude information to ATC.
  • Transponder S: sends a transponder code plus altitude information to ATC, and receives and reports information to other transponders of the same type.


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7777 is the transponder code for fighter jets carrying out an “active air defense mission”, i.e. an emergency interception.

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