Technically, modern Millimeter-Wave and Backscatter airport security scanners do not detect drugs. However, they make them very easy to spot, and the chances of someone getting caught depends entirely on how attentive the airport security crew is.
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When drugs are confiscated in airports, TSA officers usually refer to law enforcement to secure the confiscated substances and store them in a warehouse known as a crime laboratory. Here, the drugs will be tested, organized, and shelved for trials.
Specialized scanners can alert airport personnel to the presence of drugs and narcotics in luggage. Typically, this is because illegal drugs have a different density than most standard objects in luggage. If an unusually dense object is detected in someone's luggage, it will be flagged and investigated.
As a bag scanned goes through the scanner, it absorbs radiation energy from the X-ray. The density of contraband such as drugs is very well known, and is easy to spot by airport security. Once a detector identifies an object with a suspicious density, the bag will be flagged for the additional inspection.
You can pack your medicines in your checked luggage, but this means they won't be available if you need them during your flight. For this reason, it's recommended you pack medication in your carry-on bag.
You can travel with your medication in both carry-on and checked baggage. It's highly recommended you place these items in your carry-on in the event that you need immediate access.
However, there does not need to be any suspicion or probable cause for a drug-sniffing dog to investigate your belongings in a place like an airport. The dogs may sniff your luggage for drugs, explosives, or other prohibited items. According to the ruling of United States vs. Place, this is not considered a search.
“Millimeter wave imaging technology does not detect items inside a passenger's body or penetrate the skin,” Langston says. That said, Malvini Redden says body scanners would also not pick up anything else stashed inside a body cavity, such as drugs or hazardous liquids.