Do I need a transit visa if I am not leaving the airport USA?
ESTA is mandatory as well for transit in the U.S. ESTA application is required to travel to the United States without a visa. Even if you are transiting or transferring within the United States, you must apply for an ESTA application.
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The vast majority of travelers, including Indians (read exceptions below) do not need a visa when air transiting through Germany. However, citizens of other countries need a transit visa.
You'll need to clear customs and immigration. Next, you'll recheck your luggage for the domestic flight. Finally, you'll need to go through Transportation Security Administration screening. This may include a physical inspection of your luggage and personal items with a metal detector or a full-body scan.
For example, you may be required to get a transit visa if: You are changing transport in a country to travel to another destination. You are leaving within a short time from your arrival. You are not eligible for an automatic visa or visa waiver based on your nationality.
Visa Waiver Program travelers are required to apply for and receive an approved travel authorization via ESTA to board a plane or vessel bound for the United States. (A travel authorization via ESTA is not a guarantee of admission into the United States.
Transit (C) visas are nonimmigrant visas for persons traveling in immediate and continuous transit through the United States en route to another country, with few exceptions.