Whether you need a visa for a layover at Amsterdam Schiphol (AMS) depends on your nationality and whether you plan to leave the airport. If you are from a visa-exempt country (like the US, Canada, or UK), you do not need a visa for a layover; however, starting in late 2026, you will need a valid ETIAS (European Travel Information and Authorization System) to pass through immigration if you wish to leave the airport and see the city. If you remain in the "International Transit Area" (airside) for a connection to another non-Schengen country, most travelers do not need any visa. However, citizens of certain countries (such as Afghanistan, Nigeria, or Pakistan) must have a Type A Airport Transit Visa even just to stay in the terminal. If your layover involves a flight to another Schengen country (e.g., Amsterdam to Paris), this is considered "entering the country," and you must meet the standard Schengen visa requirements. Always check the official "Netherlands Visa Advisor" tool before travel to confirm your specific situation.