Maglev (magnetic levitation) trains produce zero direct tailpipe emissions, but whether they "emit" greenhouse gases depends entirely on the source of the electricity used to power them. Because maglevs operate using electromagnetic force rather than internal combustion, they are far cleaner at the point of use than cars or airplanes. In 2026, maglev systems—like the ones in Shanghai or the Chuo Shinkansen in Japan—are highly energy-efficient because they eliminate rolling friction. However, if the power grid providing the electricity relies on coal or natural gas, the train has an "indirect" carbon footprint. Research in 2026 shows that when powered by renewable energy (solar, wind, or hydro), a maglev train is one of the most sustainable forms of high-speed transport in existence, emitting up to 5 times less CO2 per passenger than a short-haul flight. Additionally, their lack of contact with the track means they produce significantly less "particulate matter" pollution from wear and tear compared to traditional wheel-on-rail trains.