Pilots can and sometimes do smoke in the cockpits of business jets. These can be as large as airliners (see BBJ), but usually aren't. Even when a country and/or airline ban smoking in the flight deck, some pilots will ignore the ban and still light up.
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Rules & Regulations
As of 2000, federal law prohibit smoking on all domestic commercial airlines, despite the fact that, by law, commercial airliners must still have an ashtray installed inside of their lavatories.
Do pilots smoke a lot? You can smoke and still be a pilot, just perhaps not at the same time. The majority of airline pilots do not smoke, but of course, there will be some that do. ...
Subsequently, following concerted lobbying efforts by health advocates, Congress passed legislation banning smoking on US domestic flights of less than two hours, which became effective in 1988. The law was made permanent and extended to flights of less than six hours in 1990.
While No Smoking signs are certainly there as a constant reminder that smoking is not allowed on board, the signs are also because of convenience and cost. Airlines, like other private businesses, must reinforce federal laws with signage, such as No Smoking signs (via mydoorsign.com).
Flight attendants on long-haul flights are provided with spaces to rest. Here's a photo of the crew rest area on a Boeing 787. Crew rest areas exist on all airplanes, but what these rest areas look like depends on the airline, aircraft and the length of the flight.
You may smoke on a cruise ship, but only in designated smoking areas. On most ships operated by U.S. cruise lines, all indoor public spaces are off-limits with the exceptions being the casino (or part of the casino), a cigar lounge (if the ship has one) and one or two other lounges.
As with most safety-related jobs, professional pilots get drug tested for employment. Airline and charter pilots are also subject to the same Department of Transportation random drug testing programs that other industries have.
The bathrooms on airplanes are, of course, fitted with smoke detectors. If someone ignores the rules and decides to light up anyway, the smoke alarm will detect their actions and the flight crew will be alerted.
Generally, vaping is allowed in designated smoking areas or smoking lounges, which may be located inside and outside the airport terminal. However, it is not allowed on board flights or outside designated areas. This is because vaping devices can set off smoke alarms and may cause a disturbance to other passengers.
Electronic smoking devices, like vapes and e-cigarettes, contain lithium batteries and are considered dangerous goods due to their risk of smoke, fire and extreme heat. As such, they are restricted to on how they can be packed when preparing for travel on an aircraft.
In the U.S., there are no FAA age limits for pilots except for commercial airline pilots employed by airlines certificated under 14 CFR Part 121. These airlines cannot employ pilots after they reach the age of 65. However, these pilots may stay on with a Part 121 carrier in some other role, such as flight engineer.