As of early 2026, you should be prepared for mandatory passport or national ID checks when crossing the land border between France and Spain. Although both countries are part of the Schengen Area—which usually allows for passport-free travel—France has officially extended its "temporary" internal border controls through at least April 30, 2026. These checks were re-introduced citing elevated terrorist threats and irregular migration pressures. For travelers crossing via road (such as near Perpignan) or by train, this means you may encounter spot checks, document inspections, and occasional traffic queues. While you may not be stopped every time, failing to have your valid travel documents readily accessible can lead to significant delays or being denied entry. A broader review of these Schengen controls is expected in late 2026, but for now, the "open border" experience is currently being supplemented by active security screenings and police presence.