New locomotives (mostly) have heated and air conditioned cabs, a cooler (usually still ice cooled), and a toilet in the nose.
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Practically all road locomotives have a toilet. Older yard switchers do not. The toilet is in the nose and consists of .... a toilet. There are no other facilities such as running water and the like.
Are there sleeping quarters in a locomotive? American freight trains do not have sleeping quarters. In the past (mostly ending in the 1980s) each freight train had a caboose on the rear end.
While modern trains won't litter the tracks with human excrement, the traditional method did just that. This is what was known as a hopper toilet. It could either be a simple hole in the floor (also known as a drop chute toilet) or a full-flush system.
Some train drivers are changing sanitary towels in bushes by the side of the track – that's outrageous in a first world country in 2021. Others urinate or defecate into carrier bags and bottles.
A train engine requires about a hundred litres of fuel to get it started. So it wouldn't be economical if the engine is stopped and started frequently. This apart, if the engine is stopped, the moving parts' lubrication will also come to a halt.
Biodiesel & Renewable Fuels: Traditionally, locomotives have run on petroleum diesel fuel, but railroads are now using renewable diesel and biodiesel blends to power them. Both renewable diesel and biodiesel are made from renewable energy sources and don't rely on fossil fuels.
Only sleeper car passengers have access to the showers. They are located in the sleeper cars on the lower level in Superliner train cars on down the hall on the Viewliner train cars. Amtrak provides a few items for you and the room attendant keeps the shower clean.
Many trains have toilets. Long distance trains, including sleeper trains, usually one per carriage at one end. Middle distance trains may only have one per 2–4 carriages. Short distance trains, suburban and metro trains where you are on the train for less than 20–30 minutes often have no toilet.
So they err on the side of caution, and instruct you not to drink the water, because they can't guarantee that it's potable. Even if the water is great when it goes in, it sits around in an unrefrigerated tank that doesn't get a thorough cleaning every day. That alone is enough to disqualify it for drinking.
Train operators and conductors play distinct and important roles: Operators drive the train, while conductors make announcements, stick their heads out of the cab to give the operator the all clear, open and close the train doors, and interact with passengers directly.