In most cases tickets are sold in unlimited numbers so the train can't sell out, although regional trains on a few routes now have limited numbers.
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Train tickets can get fully booked in Italy, so booking well in advance is extremely important near the Italian holidays as trains book up quickly with Italian locals and tourists competing to book their train travel during these times.
Technically it is considered theft of services to board without a valid ticket. So if the conductor really wanted to cause you trouble, he/she could have you arrested. Most however would probably never go to those lengths, unless you gave them a reason.
Status: not available means that tickets are not available for the train and class that you have selected. This could be because the train is fully booked, or because it is not running on the date that you selected.
Long-distance trains, yesHowever, as there are so many trains each with hundreds of seats there are almost always places available on most trains even just before departure. So you can buy at the station on the day if you want. The issue is price.
If you board a train without a ticket in situation 1, you will not pay any additional fee on top of the price of the train ticket. If you board a train without a ticket in situation 2 you will have to pay a fee, which is computed as three times the value of the lowest class/fare ticket.
If you miss your train, simply approach the ticket counter, or Biglietteria, present your original ticket, and ask about your options. The representative will be able to advise you based on your individual ticket.
Italiarail shows a whole day's trains in the search results and can book up to 20 people at a time. Trenitalia's own website only shows a couple of hours-worth of trains at a time and can only book up to 5 people at a time.
Like I mentioned above, Italo is usually cheaper than Trenitalia but because the cabins on lower-class tickets aren't the most comfortable, I'll usually consider Italo only for trains that are less than 2 or 3 hours long unless the Comfort ticket class is cheaper than Trenitalia.
ItaliaRail.com is the easiest and best site for booking Italy train tickets. It's cheaper then Trenitalia.com if there are 2 or more passengers. It's an online website that sells Trenitalia tickets in Euros, Pounds, and Dollars.
You can choose and buy your seat on board the train on the website, the Italo Treno app, ticket offices in the station or by calling Pronto Italo 06.07.
On ixigo, you may see the term 'REGRET' when trying to book a train ticket for a busy route. This happens when the IRCTC reservation system can't accept new booking requests for a train, because it has exceeded the waitlist capacity for a given date.