According to Nolo.com, it is illegal for restaurants to make waiters split their tips with line cooks or any kitchen (back of the house) staff. Line cooks do not get tips unless tipped employees voluntarily share their tips.
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I find that attractive servers earn approximately $1261 more per year in tips than unattractive servers, a result that is both statistically and economically significant. The main driver of this beauty earnings gap appears to be female customers tipping attractive female servers more than unattractive female servers.
At table-service restaurants, the tipping etiquette and procedure vary slightly from country to country. But in general, European servers are well paid, and tips are considered a small bonus — to reward great service or for simplicity in rounding the total bill to a convenient number.
1) Japan: Tipping in Japan is not a common practice and can even be perceived as rude, impolite, and may even be confusing. Japanese culture places a strong emphasis on quality service and hospitality.