Do you go through passport control when leaving Schengen?
U.S. citizens should carry their U.S. passport at all times when entering or leaving the Schengen area and when traveling between Schengen countries.
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The Schengen Area only abolishes systematic immigration controls between its members. Therefore, when travelling between EU and non-EU Schengen states, you must pass through customs controls (e.g. Switzerland to France or vice versa).
Your exit from the Schengen area must be on or before the validity date or on completion of your permitted stay duration.
If you are exiting the zone with a multiple entry visa, you will be able to re-enter as long as your visa is still valid and that you do not break the 90/180 rule.
Spain has FOUR European land borders. Two are with Schengen countries (France and Portugal), so routine immigration and customs checks do not take place on crossing the border - see the Schengen Agreement section below for more information.
There is normally no passport control on the borders between these countries. If you have a valid visa or residence permit in one of these countries, you can also visit the other Schengen countries.
A Schengen Airport Transit visa allows you to stay within the international transit area of a Schengen airport for a maximum of 24 hours. If you plan to leave this area or stay longer than one day, you will be required to apply for a regular Schengen visa instead.