Do you have to go through passport control in Zurich?
You will land at Zurich airport and have to go to the remote terminal via an underground shuttle train. During this process, you will go through passport control where they will check your passport and put an exit stamp in it.
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Passport controlThis depends on whether or not you are travelling within the Schengen area. Passengers who are leaving or entering the Schengen area must go through passport control. In some cases a visa will also be required. You can obtain more information from the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (FDFA).
If you are planning to visit other countries alongside Switzerland on the same trip, apply for your visa at the consulate of the country where you will spend the most time. In Switzerland, carry your passport at all times.
There is a legal requirement in Switzerland that a government-issued ID be carried by visitors to Switzerland at all times. Visitors from countries that do not provide an ID card (e.g., U.K. or USA) must carry their passport - or at the very least a copy of their passport.
Border checksSince Switzerland's accession to the Schengen Area in 2008, there have been no permanent passport controls along the border, although there can be customs controls. There are two airports near the border which have both Swiss and French passport and customs controls; passengers are free to choose one.
From a transatlantic flight, it usually takes me 30-40 minutes max from plane landing to me exiting the customs area, including picking up luggage. From a European flight, more like 20 mins.
Customs usually takes... 30 seconds or less. Assuming your United flight arrives on time, your problem will be boredom, not lack of time. 3 hours is more than enough time.
Depending on your arrival gate, it can take anywhere from a few minutes to around 30 minutes to reach your connecting flight gate, plus additional time to get through passport control and security checks if traveling internationally.
The Schengen area comprises 27 European countries. There is normally no passport control on the borders between these countries. If you have a valid visa or residence permit in one of these countries, you can also visit the other Schengen countries.