In 2026, most airlines have a "Passenger of Size" policy that may require the purchase of a second seat if you cannot sit comfortably in a single seat with the armrests down and the seatbelt fastened (with one extension). For example, Southwest Airlines is famous for its relatively generous policy where they encourage "Passengers of Size" to book two seats in advance; after the flight, if there was at least one open seat available, the airline will fully refund the cost of the second seat. Other carriers like Delta, American, and United generally require you to pay for the second seat at the prevailing rate if the flight is full and you encroach on your neighbor's space. For safety and comfort reasons, if you know you require more space, booking two seats is the "pro" move to avoid the stress of being "offloaded" at the gate if the crew determines you cannot fly safely in a single unit. In 2026, some international carriers have also started offering "Empty Seat" products where you can pay a small fee (rather than a full second fare) to guarantee the middle seat next to you stays vacant, providing extra comfort without the full double-fare cost.