For travel that occurred in 2023, the rules for most Western travelers (such as citizens of the USA, Canada, and the UK) remained unchanged: no traditional visa was required for short stays of up to 90 days within a 180-day period for tourism or business. This is because Spain is part of the Schengen Area. However, if you are asking from the perspective of 2026, there is a new requirement. While a "visa" is still not required for these nationalities, travelers must now obtain an ETIAS (European Travel Information and Authorisation System) authorization before flying. The ETIAS is a digital entry requirement, similar to the US ESTA, which was fully implemented by early 2026 after several delays. It costs approximately €7 and is valid for three years. If you were a citizen of a country not on the visa-exempt list (such as India or China) in 2023, you did require a standard Schengen Visa, a rule that remains strictly in place in 2026.