Yes, in 2026, every individual, regardless of age, must have their own valid passport to travel internationally by air. A 4-year-old child cannot be "included" on a parent’s passport, a practice that was phased out decades ago. For U.S. citizens, a child's passport is valid for five years and requires both parents to appear in person during the application process to prevent international parental child abduction. In addition to a passport, if the 4-year-old is traveling with only one parent or a guardian, many countries in 2026 strictly require a notarized Letter of Consent from the non-traveling parent. Some destinations may also ask for the child’s original birth certificate to prove parentage. Failure to provide these documents at the boarding gate or immigration counter can result in being denied boarding, as airlines and border agents are highly vigilant about child safety and legal custody arrangements in the current year.