The United States generally considers a person with dual U.S. and foreign citizenship a U.S. citizen for Social Security purposes. This does not apply if you are a U.S. citizen and a citizen of a country the United States has an international social security agreement with.

Generally, dual citizenship does not negatively affect your eligibility for U.S. Social Security benefits. Your right to receive benefits is based on your work history and the "Social Security credits" you earned while working in the United States, not on your primary or secondary nationality. If you have earned the required 40 credits (typically 10 years of work), you are entitled to your payments. Furthermore, the U.S. has "Totalization Agreements" with about 30 other countries; these agreements ensure that workers who split their careers between two nations don't pay double social security taxes and can combine their work credits from both countries to qualify for benefits. However, if you receive a pension from work in another country where you did not pay U.S. Social Security taxes, your U.S. benefit might be reduced under the Windfall Elimination Provision (WEP) or the Government Pension Offset (GPO). It is always best to report your dual status and any foreign pension income to the SSA to ensure your benefit is calculated accurately.