Every fall, the lake experiences a 'turnover' — a mixing of the layers that results in similar temperatures throughout.
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Oxygen from the surface mixes with the bottom, while nutrients trapped near the bottom are free to mix throughout the lake. This is why, sometimes, in the spring and fall the lake can smell unpleasant. Decomposing organic materials are churned up from the bottom of the lake, bringing a signature sign of lake turnover.
A lake has turned over when water temperatures are the same from the surface to the bottom. The process can take days or even months to complete, depending on lake shape and depth, and air and water temperatures.
In temperate latitudes, many lakes that become stratified during the summer months de-stratify during cooler windier weather with surface mixing by wind being a significant driver in this process. This is often referred to as autumn turn-over.
Cooler weather means your lake or pond will soon turn over.When this happens the entire water column will mix or “turnover”. As a result, the bottom sediments are stirred and anaerobic conditions are mixed throughout the entire pond for a period of time.
According to the average of their simulation ensemble, by 2040–2049, the average annual water levels of Lake Superior, Michigan-Huron, and Erie are projected to increase by 0.19, 0.44, and 0.28 m, respectively, relative to 2010–2019 under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario.
Climatic conditions control precipitation (and thus groundwater recharge), runoff, and direct supply to the lakes as well as the rate of evaporation. These are the primary driving factors in determining water levels.