In 2026, the answer depends on your boarding group and the type of bag. A standard "Carry-On" (typically 22" x 14" x 9") is designed to go in the overhead bin; it is physically too large to fit under the seat in front of you. However, a "Personal Item" (like a backpack, purse, or laptop bag) must be able to fit under the seat. If you are flying on a "Basic Economy" ticket in 2026, many airlines (like United or JetBlue) restrict you only to a personal item that fits under the seat; if you bring a larger bag that requires overhead space, you will be charged a "gate-handling fee" of up to $65. On a full flight, if the overhead bins are at capacity, gate agents may require you to "gate-check" your larger carry-on for free. Therefore, while your personal item must fit under the seat, your primary carry-on does not—but you must ensure it meets the airline's dimensions so it can safely stay in the bin above your head.