The Shinkansen (Japanese Bullet Train) generally does not charge a fee for luggage, but it does have strict reservation rules for "Oversized Baggage." If the sum of your bag's dimensions (length + width + height) is between 160 cm and 250 cm, you must reserve a "Seat with an Oversized Baggage Area" in advance. These seats are usually the last row of the carriage, and the space behind them is designated for your bag. If you reserve this seat, the luggage storage is free. However, if you bring an oversized bag without a reservation, you will be charged a 1,000 yen (approx. $7) penalty fee, and the conductor will move your bag to a designated area. Bags with total dimensions under 160 cm (standard carry-on and medium suitcases) do not require a reservation and can be placed on the overhead racks. Bags exceeding 250 cm are not allowed on the train at all. In 2026, it is highly recommended to use a luggage forwarding service (Takkyubin) to send large bags between cities, allowing you to travel hands-free on the high-speed rail.