In records dating from the middle 1800s, even in the coldest winters, Lake Michigan has never completely frozen over.
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Once Lake Michigan reaches below zero temperatures, it freezes over, and through enough wave action, a solid sheet of ice is prevented from forming. Instead, waves cause the ice sheet to break up into smaller pieces, and as they move around, they become rounder in shape and transition into a pancake-like form.
Lake-effect snow is a frequent contributor to our seasonal snowfall in Chicago and with Lake Michigan almost ice free, the lake-effect snow machine is open for business provided a cold wind is blowing in our favor in the right direction. Nearly 93% of the Great Lakes does not have significant ice cover.
Freezing temperatures force the lake to develop an ice shelf. On windy days, waves are driven toward the shore. As these waves crash into the shoreline, they also hit the ice shelf. This pushes the water up through the air.
This can be dangerous as you might think you're walking on solid ground, when actually you're out over the water. Due to the layered nature of shelf ice, even if you're out over four feet of water, if you were to fall through a thin spot in the ice, you could find yourself trapped in an ice cavern.
So yeah, even if Lake Michigan ever kinda-sorta freezes over, don't try crossing it by foot or vehicle. Leave that kind of dangerous travel to the ice balls.
Great Lakes that have completely frozen include Lake Superior, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario. Lake Michigan is the only Great Lake to have never frozen entirely.
If water were most dense as a solid, lakes would freeze from the bottom up, eventually freezing solid. In that case, little or nothing would survive in the lake. Most lakes and ponds don't completely freeze because the ice (and eventually snow) on the surface acts to insulate the water below.
Those who brave the frigid feat and swim in the winter are nicknamed “ice monsters.” Lake Michigan continuously cools throughout winter, and with March averaging an annual low of 32.9 degrees, it's the chilliest month for open-water swimming.