Think of it this way: Shallower water allows more rapid mixed cooling to the freezing point of upper lake layers. This is why on any lake you'll usually see the near-shore shallow water freezing before more distant deeper water.
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Most lakes and ponds don't completely freeze because the ice (and eventually snow) on the surface acts to insulate the water below. Our winters aren't long or cold enough to completely freeze most local water bodies. This process of lakes turning over is crtically important to the life in the lake.
As the density of the water rises, so does its temperature. At its deepest point the water in Lake Lunz remains constant at four Celsius. A lake more than one meter deep will never freeze completely, meaning there's plenty of space for animal and plant life to survive the winter.
Do fish die in frozen lakes or in lakes that are partially frozen? Since fish are cold-blooded animals, they can survive because they are able to regulate their body temperature to match their environment. However, they could die if a body of water freezes over completely and remains frozen for an extended period.
That doesn't mean, however, when the air temp reaches 32 the lakes freeze. Water is a great insulator and good at holding heat, which is why the lake temperature doesn't fluctuate much day to day like the air does. Therefore, below freezing temperatures are needed for a week or more to form ice on a large lake.
This general gauge gives safe ice thicknesses to support different types of activities: Less than 4 inches: Stay off the ice. 4 inches: Walking, ice fishing, ice skating, or other activities on foot are permitted. 5 to 7 inches: Snowmobiling or riding ATVs are safe.
As a general rule of thumb, ice is safe to walk on when there is 4 inches or more of clear ice. It is important to understand that different types of ice varying in their strength. Clear blue or black ice is the strongest.