They have four diesel engines that power generators, and those generators power two propulsion motors on each end of the vessel. The motors activate the propellers to move the vessel through the water.
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Historically, these have ranged from steam-driven, side paddlewheels to a cable ferry powered by horses on a treadmill. In more recent times, we have seen the diesel engine become the dominant power source with a variety of means of putting the power into the water.
Hy-Line's fast ferries can go at speeds of up to 34mph, which if you're talking in proper seafaring terminology is 30 knots an hour (1 knot = 1.151 mph)!
The golden rule is, something will sink if it's heavier than the water it is displacing. Therefore, a bowling ball would sink, but a football would float. In the case of a ferry, gravity pushes down on the boat, but buoyancy helps it stay afloat as it's not as heavy as the space it's taking up.
Large catamarans hold 6,000 gallons of fuel, while mono-hull vessels hold 8,000 gallons of fuel. Engine burn rates vary from 320 gallons an hour to 160 gallons an hour when operating at full speed. Vessels are run at lower speeds for greater fuel efficiency whenever possible.
ZipRecruiter reports that the annual pay for 2022 for cruise ship captains is $54,229 per year. It also reports that annual salaries can be as high as $100,000 to as low as $17,500. Such a great fluctuation in salary is reflective of the skill level, years of experience, location, and cruise line.
Toilets on board cruise ships are connected to vacuum suction lines that direct the waste to marine sanitation farms onboard the ship. This siphons out the water from the waste, treats it until it's drinkable, then pumps it into the ocean.
Taking the train or ferry works out to be around seven times less polluting than travelling by plane, according to various estimates. Travelling by train is slightly greener than taking the ferry, in terms of emissions.
Ferry accidents are not uncommon in Indonesia, which is the world's largest archipelago country with more than 17,000 islands. In 2018, as many as 192 people drowned when an overloaded ferry overturned and sank on Lake Toba on Sumatra island.