How do cruise ships float and not tip over?

Cruise ships displace water equivalent to its own mass. The pressure of the sea pushes up against the ship's hull in order to counter the downward force of its mass. Since water cannot be compressed, the combined forces create buoyancy.



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Cruise ships are designed to be incredibly safe and reliable, so thankfully they don't sink very often. In fact, the last major cruise ship sinking was in 2012 when the Costa Concordia capsized off the coast of Italy.

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How much of a cruise ship sits underwater ranges from 20 to 31 feet, depending on the size of the vessel. However, the safety and stability of a cruise ship aren't due to the depth that it's submerged, but rather a combination of factors such as the shape of the hull.

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Approximately 40% of the average cruise ship sits below water. The larger or higher the ship, the less of it is in water. This may seem counterintuitive, but this is how math and physics work out!

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The average speed of a modern cruise ship is roughly 20 knots (23 miles per hour), with maximum speeds reaching about 30 knots (34.5 miles per hour). How fast a ship is able to sail depends on several factors, including the power of its engines, the weather and the conditions at sea.

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The amount of experience, the level of education, the grades they received, location, and company all can determine the year's salary. In general, a cruise ship captain salary ranges between $54,000 and more than $100,000. This may seem like a low pay scale considering the responsibilities that come with the job.

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Some of the engines are always running, since the ship always needs power. Most of them are off in port, since we don't need propulsion (unless it's a tender port) and power demand is low due to most people being off the ship.

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A whale could not tip over a cruise ship. Although even the largest of blue whales can weigh up to 200 tonnes, the largest cruise ships can weigh up to 220,000 or more. Some cruise ships would carry ten times more freshwater or fuel than the weight of even the largest whales.

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At sea, cruise ships survive hurricanes by avoiding them. The seas are rough, the weather is predictably bad, but otherwise not very predictable.

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Costa Concordia It ran aground and capsized off the coast of Italy on January 13, 2012. The ship hit a rock due to negligence of the captain and took on water, causing it to list to one side and eventually capsize. Of the 4,252 passengers and crew on board, 32 died.

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Cruise ships make their own drinking water. It's unsurprising since they're constantly surrounded by sea water – they use either steam evaporation or reverse osmosis processes to desalinate the water before minerals and chlorine are added. It's the same as a home filtration system, only significantly larger.

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With over 7,000 passengers and crew, Symphony of the Seas generates 210,000 gallons of black water and one million gallons of grey water during a one week cruise. All the wastewater onboard is collected and absolutely nothing goes overboard unless it is first run through a treatment plant.

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This movement is largely due to the friction of the water upon the sides of the ship. The layers of water in immediate contact with the hull tend to cling to it, and are dragged along with increasing velocity, until at the stern of a long ship they are traveling approximately at the same speed as the vessel.

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In general, you'll find at least one pool, flanked by one or more hot tubs, plus showers for rinsing off and rows of lounge chairs for sunbathing. Pools are typically small and no deeper than 5 or 6 feet.

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