How do pilots know when to lower flaps?

Most of the time, landing flap will be determined by the landing performance required, flap 30 is nearly always desirable unless we need the lower approach speed, or if increased forward visibility is required such as during low vis ops. Performance is the determining factor.



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When the airplane is taking off, the flaps help to produce more lift. Conversely, flaps allow for a steep but controllable angle during landing. During both, efficient use of flaps help to shorten the amount of runway length needed for takeoff and landing.

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If it's severe turbulence then yes, and if there are very strong crosswinds during takeoff or landing then the pilot can feel nervous about it.

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Do pilots always land planes manually? Yes. Virtually every single airline pilot manually lands every single flight.

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Whether flying at night or during the day, pilots need to see some kind of horizon. They use this to determine the airplane's attitude. At night pilots will turn their gaze from outside to inside and use the artificial horizon. The artificial horizon is normally a simply globe split into two hemispheres.

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Broadly and generally, the reasons a pilot may leave the flight deck in flight can be grouped into two categories: first, physiological breaks – restroom, stretch, or required rest on longer routes; and second, operational breaks – handling a passenger, aircraft, or crew issue that requires the pilot to leave the ...

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Daily. An airline transport pilot can fly up to 8 hours per 24 hour period and up to 10 hours if a second pilot is aboard. Pilots are required to rest a minimum of 16 hours postflight. Some variances to these regulations exist depending on the company's operations specifications.

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