How do they choose who gets bumped from a flight?

If there are not enough passengers who are willing to give up their seats voluntarily, an airline may deny you a seat on an aircraft based on criteria that it establishes, such as the passenger's check-in time, the fare paid by the passenger, or the passenger's frequent flyer status.



In 2026, the process for "Involuntary Denied Boarding" (bumping) is highly algorithmic. Airlines first ask for volunteers in exchange for travel vouchers or cash. If no one takes the bait, the computer selects passengers based on a boarding priority hierarchy. The first to be bumped are those with the lowest fare class (Basic Economy) and those who checked in last. Frequent flyer status (Premier, Diamond, etc.) offers the strongest protection, while passengers with connecting flights or special needs are usually exempt. In early 2026, new DOT regulations in the U.S. increased the mandatory compensation for bumped passengers to up to $1,550 if the airline cannot get you to your destination within two hours of your original arrival. Because of these high costs, airlines now use "Predictive No-Show" AI to minimize overbooking, making involuntary bumping much rarer in 2026 than it was a decade ago.

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Tips to Help Prevent Getting Bumped from a Flight
  1. Choose Your Fares Wisely: Your choice of seat/fare price can significantly impact your odds of getting bumped from a flight. ...
  2. Check-In in Advance: Checking in well ahead of time can also help reduce your chances of getting bumped from a flight.


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Frontier Airlines bumped the biggest proportion of passengers of the 15 largest US carriers in early 2023. Of every 10,000 Frontier passengers, 3.73 were involuntarily denied boarding due to oversales, the DOT said. Allegiant, Delta, Endeavor, and Hawaiian didn't bump any passengers in the quarter, per the DOT.

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Standby passengers typically have priority based on how much they paid for their tickets and their relative status in the airline's frequent flyer program.

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Bumping, also known as “denied boarding,” happens when there are more passengers scheduled to fly on an airplane than available seats. The business practice of bumping is not illegal. Airlines oversell their scheduled flights to a certain extent in order to compensate for “no-shows.”

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For domestic flights in the U.S., airlines have to pay you 200% of the value of your one-way ticket up to $775 if you arrive at your destination one to two hours past your originally scheduled itinerary or 400% of the one-way ticket price, up to $1,550 if your arrival delay is longer than two hours.

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One rule you can expect with just about every airline is that if they need to choose passengers to bump, they'll start with those in the lowest fare class. Those in business class, first class, and even premium economy are usually safe (although they can be bumped down to a lower fare class if necessary).

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Each month, the scheduling department publishes all schedules and routes for the next month, called “lines”. Each pilot bids for the “line” they would like to fly, in order of preference. The most senior pilot is awarded their first choice; the next most senior pilot will receive the second choice, and so on.

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Passengers can inquire about overbooking by contacting their respective airlines or using apps that show available seats per cabin. If your flight is overbooked, airlines will usually ask for volunteers to give up their seats and offer compensation in return.

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-Delta and Allegiant still are the least likely mainline and budget airlines to bump a passenger. During Q2 2020, both Delta and Allegiant bumped zero passengers. -American Airlines Group's trio of airlines improved their bumps per 100,000 passengers drastically in Q2 2020 versus Q3 2019 – Q2 2020.

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Is overbooking legal in Europe? Yes. The air carriers in the EU countries can overbook flights and trade more seats than they have available on the aircraft. If your flight is overbooked and you are denied boarding, you may ask for airline passenger compensation.

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We are seeing fewer last-minute deals than in years past, especially when it comes to flights, a Kayak spokesperson tells Travel + Leisure. That's not to say last-minute airfare deals are non-existent, though. It's definitely possible to score a cheap last-minute flight — if you're flexible.

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It means exactly what it says - Your seat will be assigned at the gate. Usually, this happens when the flight is full, or even oversold. At the time you bought your ticket, you either did not select a seat or no seats were available.

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