Certain codes have different meanings if selected by a crew. The discreet codes assigned by ATC and set in the transponder are somewhat random in that they identify an airplane as to it's assigned course, altitude and destination.
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The computer system generates them. There are certain slot ranges for every facility. It's not that the controller punches in something he came up with on his own. He requests a squawk from the system, and then the computer spits out one, and that's the one he/she tells the pilot over the radio.
The first emergency code that you may have become familiar with is Squawk 7500. This code is used to indicate that the aircraft has been hijacked, and therefore requires urgent emergency support from both security services and air traffic control.
For example, 1200 in the USA means that the flight is flying under Visual Flight Rules (VFR) and is not typically in direct contact with ATC. 1200 is a shared code so you may see many aircraft transmitting it at the same time in a given area.
Series 20 — Code 2000 is to recognize an aircraft that has not received instructions from the air traffic control units to operate the transponder. (Codes 2001 to 2077 are available for domestic purposes.)
If the 7500 squawk code is mistakenly selected, the pilot will immediately receive a call from air traffic control asking for confirmation. At this point, the pilot in command or the first officer is able to inform the transponder code has been used by mistake, and that there is no hijacked aircraft.
For example, 1200 in the USA means that the flight is flying under Visual Flight Rules (VFR) and is not typically in direct contact with ATC. 1200 is a shared code so you may see many aircraft transmitting it at the same time in a given area.
If you're below 18,000, feet you'll start by squawking 7600, then descend or climbing to an altitude that is acceptable for VFR cruising. You'll be expected to land as soon as practical while maintaining visual flight rules. If you're above 18,000 feet (Class A airspace) it gets a bit more complicated.
The squawk code 7500 is an emergency code used by pilots to inform ATC of a plane hijacking taking place, which means that the pilots have either been forced to change course or are no longer in control of the aircraft.
Squawking 7700 in an emergencyThe most well know of these is the code 7700. This is used to indicate an emergency of any kind. A pilot will enter this when in an emergency situation - either instructed by ATC after declaring an emergency or without communication if there is no time.
“Squawk 1234” means to just dial 1234 into your transponder. The ATC radar will show the controller that number in the tag associated with your plane. If the tell you, “squawk 1244 and ident”, you should put in the code first, and then press and release the Ident (or ID) button on the transponder.
Code 1400: This code is to be used when flying in controlled airspace and you are not receiving a transponder signal from ATC. Code 2000: This code indicates that the aircraft is operating in military airspace different meaning.
This notice assigns Code 1202 for use by gliders not in contact with an air traffic control (ATC) facility. The notice also provides general flight characteristics of gliders and some of their limitations.