Edinburgh is one of the most walkable cities in Europe in terms of distance, but it is physically demanding due to its extreme verticality. The city is split into the medieval "Old Town" and the neoclassical "New Town," which are connected by steep hills, winding staircases (called "closes"), and bridges. You can walk from Edinburgh Castle at the top of the Royal Mile to the Palace of Holyroodhouse at the bottom in about 25–30 minutes, but exploring the side streets involves significant elevation changes. The cobblestone streets in the Old Town can be slippery and uneven, so sturdy, comfortable footwear is a necessity in 2026. For those with mobility issues, the "New Town" area around Princes Street and George Street is much flatter and easier to navigate. However, the beauty of Edinburgh is found in its "hidden" layers; many of the best views require a hike up Calton Hill or the much steeper Arthur’s Seat. Overall, if you are reasonably fit, you can see almost all major attractions on foot, but your calves will certainly feel the effort by the end of the day.