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How good is train Wi-Fi?

Our onboard WiFi network relies on bandwidth provided by cellular carriers who have towers along our routes. The bandwidth available from these towers is limited and our speed may not match what you are used to receiving from stationary WiFi networks such as your home or office.



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Amtrak WiFi is a public WiFi network which utilizes wireless technologies and does not require any secure pass code or login. Similar to networks found at coffee shops and public libraries, it is not inherently secure and communications can be intercepted.

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As the train zips along, its routers must keep up by hopping from tower to tower. A gap between sites can interrupt service. On stretches with underdeveloped infrastructure, such as rural areas, passengers will find themselves time-traveling to a pre-internet era.

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How does onboard wifi work? Most train wifi ultimately depends on the broader mobile communications network. The train's antennae pick up the signal – usually 3G or 4G – from regular masts or base stations near the tracks and connects passengers via routers in carriages.

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With the advent of 5G, cellular technology has evolved to a point where truly digitalised rolling stock becomes possible. Up to 100x faster than its 4G predecessor, 5G will be critical to the success of real-time operations on-board trains. But, how does train-to-ground communication actually work?

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How the Internet of Trains Works. Essentially, many sensors are placed all over a train. These sensors monitor the train's engine temperature, whether doors are closed or open, rail vibrations, and more. Cameras are also placed on the outside of the train where image data is sent back to the system for interpretation.

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Most British train services now provide free wifi as standard but the DfT has told its contracted operators in England that they should cease offering it if they cannot justify it financially.

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