Under 2026 Department of Transportation (DOT) and international regulations, there are strict limits on tarmac delays. For domestic flights within the United States, an airline cannot keep you on the plane for more than 3 hours; for international flights, the limit is 4 hours. Once these time limits are reached, the airline is legally required to move the plane to a location where passengers can safely disembark, unless there is a specific safety, security, or air traffic control reason to remain. Furthermore, after 2 hours of a tarmac delay, the airline must provide passengers with water and a small snack (like a granola bar), as well as ensure working toilets and comfortable cabin temperatures. Similar rules exist in the UK and EU, where airlines must offer "duty of care" (food and vouchers) after 2-4 hours depending on the flight distance. Failure to comply with these "Passenger Bill of Rights" rules in 2026 results in massive fines for the carriers.