The construction of the original World Trade Center Twin Towers was a massive undertaking that spanned approximately seven years of physical labor, preceded by a decade of planning. Groundbreaking for the complex began on August 5, 1966, with the most significant initial work involving the "slurry wall" to keep the Hudson River from flooding the excavation site. The North Tower (One World Trade Center) began its vertical climb in 1968 and was "topped out" in late 1970, with the first tenants moving in in December of that year. The South Tower (Two World Trade Center) followed shortly after, being topped out in 1971. The entire complex was officially dedicated on April 4, 1973. From the first shovel in the ground to the official opening, the project took about 6.5 to 7 years. These buildings remained the tallest in the world for a short period and were iconic fixtures of the New York City skyline for 28 years before the tragic events of September 11, 2001.