The Lesser Antilles includes 21 known, 'live' (likely to erupt again) volcanoes spread across 11 volcanically active islands, and volcanic eruptions are one of the main hazards that threaten the Eastern Caribbean region.

In 2026, there are 11 volcanically active islands in the Caribbean, primarily located within the Lesser Antilles island arc. These islands are home to a total of 21 "live" volcanoes, which are defined as those that have erupted in the last 10,000 years and are likely to erupt again. Some of the most notable include Soufrière Hills in Montserrat (which rendered half the island an exclusion zone), La Soufrière in St. Vincent, and Mount Pelée in Martinique. Additionally, the region features a highly active submarine volcano named Kick 'em Jenny, located just north of Grenada, which is the most frequent erupter in the Eastern Caribbean. These volcanoes are constantly monitored by the UWI Seismic Research Centre. While most of these volcanoes are currently at a "Green" alert level, their presence is a fundamental part of the region's geography, and residents of neighboring non-volcanic islands like Barbados or Trinidad are often briefed on ashfall safety protocols in the event of a major eruption on a nearby island.