The horsepower (HP) of a steam locomotive varies wildly depending on its era, size, and intended use. Early 19th-century "pioneer" engines often produced a modest 100 to 500 HP. As technology matured in the mid-20th century, modern "super-power" steam locomotives reached staggering levels of performance. For instance, the famous Union Pacific "Big Boy" (4-8-8-4), the largest steam locomotive ever built, could generate approximately 6,200 to 7,000 drawbar horsepower at its peak. Other legendary engines like the Norfolk & Western Class J were capable of roughly 5,000 HP. Unlike modern diesel or electric locomotives, steam engines are not rated at a fixed horsepower because their power output depends heavily on the speed and the efficiency of the boiler in generating steam. At low speeds, they provide immense tractive effort (starting power), but their horsepower peaks at higher speeds where steam can be exhausted and replenished quickly. While a typical modern freight diesel engine produces about 4,400 HP, the most powerful steam engines of the 1940s actually produced significantly more raw power at high speeds than the diesels that eventually replaced them.